Our Future Environment

B. Social and Place Identity in the Ecotourist
This subtopic includes readings on how a tourist or outdoor recreationist describes their self and their values, how that description is intertwined with a specific place, and how that description is intertwined with social structures. This subtopic may also include articles on the assumed identity of locals as viewed through the eyes of a tourist.

Gmelch, Sharon Bohn. 2004. Tourists and Tourism: A Reader. Long Grove: Waveland.

Graburn, N.H.H. 2002. “The Ethnographic Tourist.” The Tourist as a Metaphor of the Social World. Graham Dann ed. Wallingford: CAB International. Pp. 19-39.
lavin and agatstein- personal identity and imagery of place

Iso-Ahola, S.E. Motivational Foundations of Leisure in Leisure Studies: Prospects for the 21st Century. Jackson, E.L. & Burton, T.L. (Eds.) (1999). State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.

Iso-Ahola discusses the issue of meaning from a psychological and sociological perspective, placing emphasis on the importance of self-determination.

Jackson, E.L. & Scott, D. Constraints to Leisure in Leisure Studies: Prospects for the 21st Century. Jackson, E.L. & Burton, T.L. (Eds.) (1999). State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.
Leisure Constraints is an area of study that began in the 1970s under the title of barriers to recreation participation but has since developed into the theme of constraints to leisure. This is a shift in focus and conceptualization, not merely semantics, because its central point is now that leisure is constrained and constraining. This means that while leisure experiences are almost invariably limited by constraints such as lack of facilities, resources and partners, they themselves also limit choice.

Driver, B. L.D. & Bruns, D.H. Concepts and Uses of the Benefits Approach to Leisure in Leisure Studies: Prospects for the 21st Century. Jackson, E.L. & Burton, T.L. (Eds.) (1999). State College, PA: Venture Publishing, Inc.
Driver and Buns provide an overview of the benefits approach to leisure. The approach argues that people seek quality opportunities and experiences rather than activities. “There is currently a strong preference for government to employ the enabling authority of the state as a means of ensuring that public leisure services are provided by not-for-profit and commercial organizations rather than directly by government agencies themselves.” (xxi from introduction)

Dixon, Displacing Place-Identity

Martinez and McMullin- factors affecting decisions to volunteer in nongovernmental organizations

MacCannell, Dean. 1973. “Staged Authenticity: Arrangements of Social Space in Tourist Setting.” American Journal of Sociology. 79:589-603.

Goffman, E. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life

Wall, G. (1995b). General versus specific environmental concern: A Western Canadian case. Environment and Behavior, 27, 294-316.

Theodori, G. L., Luloff, A. E. & Willits, F. K. (1998). The association between outdoor recreation and environmental concern: Reexamining the Dunlap-Heffernan thesis. Rural Sociology, 63, 94-108.

Bechtel, R. B. (1999). Environmental belief systems: United States, Brazil, andMexico. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30, 122-128.

Dietz, T., Stern, P. C. & Guagnano, G. A. (1998). Social structural and social psychological bases of environmental concern. Environment and Behavior, 30, 450-471.

Dunlap, R. E. & Heffernan, R. B. (1975). Outdoor recreation and environmental concern: An empirical examination. Rural Sociology, 40, 18-30.

Cordell, H. K., Green, G. & Betz, C. J. (2002). Recreation and the environment as cultural dimensions in contemporary American society. Leisure Sciences, 24, 13-41.

Cantrill, J.G. (1998). The environmental self and a sense of place: Communication foundations for regional ecosystem management. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 26, 301-318.

Stern, P. C., Dietz, T. & Guagnano, G. A. (1995). The new ecological paradigm in socialpsychological context. Environment and Behavior, 27, 723-743.

MacCannell, D.1976. The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: Schocken.

Sumich, J. 2002. Looking for the ‘other’: tourism, power and identity in Zanzibar. Anthropology Southern Africa

Filed under: eco-tourism on May 13th, 2010